chemistry answers

Question 1 (2 points)

 Saved

Which base is found in DNA or RNA, but not both?

Question 1 options:

A) 

Adenine

B) 

Uracil

C) 

Guanine

D) 

Cytosine

Question 2 (2 points)

 Saved

Which coupled reaction properly indicates the role of the coenzyme as an oxidizing agent?

Question 2 options:

A) 

B) 

C) 

D) 

Question 3 (2 points)

 Saved

Coenzyme A is synthesized in cells from pantothenic acid, vitamin B5.

Question 3 options:

TrueFalse

Question 4 (2 points)

 Saved

GTP is a high energy compound.

Question 4 options:

TrueFalse

Question 5 (2 points)

 Saved

What is the abbreviation of the polynucleotide shown?

Question 5 options:

A) 

TGC

B) 

CGT

C) 

CAT

D) 

TAC

Question 6 (2 points)

 Saved

How many molecules of ATP are produced for each unit of GTP formed in the citric acid cycle?

Question 6 options:

A) 

2

B) 

3

C) 

D1

D) 

4

Question 7 (2 points)

 Saved

When the base guanine is added to the 2'-OH of the monosaccharide ribose, the product is guanosine.

Question 7 options:

TrueFalse

Question 8 (2 points)

 Saved

What is the primary function of the citric acid cycle in metabolism?

Question 8 options:

A) 

To convert acetyl groups to CO2 molecules and provide reduced coenzymes for the electron transport chain

B) 

To synthesize ATP from the energy produced in the hydrolysis of citric acid

C) 

To break down food molecules into smaller components so they can be absorbed by the blood

D) 

To provide the enzymes necessary to aid in the hydrolysis of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids

Question 9 (2 points)

 Saved

Any process, such as walking, running, swallowing, or breathing, is fueled by the release of energy from the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP.

Question 9 options:

TrueFalse

Question 10 (2 points)

 Saved

Which is not a reaction found in stage [2] of catabolism?

Question 10 options:

A) 

Glycolysis

B) 

Oxidative phosphorylation

C) 

Fatty acid oxidation

D) 

Amino acid catabolism

Question 11 (2 points)

 Saved

The second step of the citric acid cycle, the isomerization of citrate to isocitrate, is shown. What is the structure of isocitrate?

Question 11 options:

A) 

B) 

C) 

D) 

Question 12 (2 points)

 Saved

Step 6 of the citric acid cycle is shown. Which statement best describes the role of FAD in this reaction?

Question 12 options:

A) 

FAD causes succinate to undergo hydration to form fumarate.

B) 

FAD causes the reduction of succinate to form fumarate.

C) 

FAD causes the oxidation of succinate to form fumarate.

D) 

FAD causes the isomerication of succinate to form fumarate.

Question 13 (2 points)

 Saved

Nucleic acids are formed by joining the 3'-OH group of one nucleotide with the 5'-phosphate of a second nucleotide in a phosphodiester linkage.

Question 13 options:

TrueFalse

Question 14 (2 points)

 Saved

What is a nucleoside?

Question 14 options:

A) 

A monosaccharide + a base

B) 

A polymer of ribonucleotides

C) 

A monosaccharide + a base + phosphate

D) 

The monosaccharides ribose and deoxyribose

Question 15 (2 points)

 Saved

Coupled reactions are pairs of reactions that occur together so that the energy released by one reaction provides the energy to drive the other reaction.

Question 15 options:

TrueFalse

Question 16 (2 points)

 Saved

How much ATP is generated for each acetyl CoA during stages [3] and [4] of catabolism?

Question 16 options:

A) 

4 molecules of ATP

B) 

8 molecules of ATP

C) 

10 molecules of ATP

D) 

16 molecules of ATP

E) 

5 molecules of ATP

Question 17 (2 points)

 Saved

If a single strand of a gene contains 726 bases, 242 amino acids will make up the polypeptide prepared from it, assuming every base of the gene is transcribed and then translated.

Question 17 options:

TrueFalse

Question 18 (2 points)

 Saved

Which is an oxidizing agent?

Question 18 options:

A) 

NAD+

B) 

Fe2+

C) 

FADH2

D) 

ATP

Question 19 (2 points)

 Saved

Nucleosides are formed by adding a phosphate group to the 5'-OH of a nucleotide.

Question 19 options:

TrueFalse

Question 20 (2 points)

 Saved

Within the cell, energy production occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion.

Question 20 options:

TrueFalse

Question 21 (2 points)

 Saved

There was a mix-up in the hospital nursery and there is a question as to which baby belongs to a set of new parents. The given gel contains the DNA fingerprint of the new mother (Lane 1), the new father (Lane 2), and two infants (Lanes 3 and 4). The DNA fingerprinting indicated that the infant tested in Lane 4 is the child of these parents.

Question 21 options:

TrueFalse

Question 22 (2 points)

 Saved

Which is not one of the elements needed to amplify DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?

Question 22 options:

A) 

A restriction endonuclease enzyme that cleaves DNA at specific locations

B) 

Nucleoside triphosphates that serve as the source of the nucleotides A, T, C, and G needed in the synthesis of the new strands of DNA

C) 

Two primers—short polynucleotides that are complementary to the two ends of the segment to be amplified

D) 

A DNA polymerase enzyme that will catalyze the synthesis of a complementary strand of DNA from a template strand

E) 

The segment of DNA that must be copied

Question 23 (2 points)

 Saved

In the process of translation, the genetic code contained in DNA is rewritten in mRNA, which leaves the nucleus and carries the information to the ribosomes for protein synthesis.

Question 23 options:

TrueFalse

Question 24 (2 points)

 Saved

Which intermediate in the citric acid cycle is a secondary alcohol?

Question 24 options:

A) 

B) 

C) 

D) 

Two of the intermediates are secondary alcohols.

E) 

Question 25 (2 points)

 Saved

The cells in heart tissue have more mitochondria than the cells in bone tissue.

Question 25 options:

TrueFalse

Question 26 (2 points)

 Saved

How many carbons enter into the citric acid cycle with each new Acetyl CoA?

Question 26 options:

A) 

4

B) 

6

C) 

2

D) 

1

Question 27 (2 points)

 Saved

The double-stranded DNA helices wind around a core of protein molecules called ________ to form a chain of ________.

Question 27 options:

Question 28 (2 points)

 Saved

Stage [3] of catabolism is sometimes called aerobic respiration.

Question 28 options:

TrueFalse

Question 29 (2 points)

 Saved

Protein digestion begins in the ________.

Question 29 options:

Question 30 (2 points)

 Saved

Which intermediate in the citric acid cycle contains two chirality centers?

Question 30 options:

A) 

B) 

C) 

D) 

Question 31 (2 points)

 Saved

All mutations result in a change in the amino acid sequence coded for by the DNA molecule.

Question 31 options:

TrueFalse

Question 32 (2 points)

 Saved

Which steps of the citric acid cycle generate reduced coenzymes necessary in the production of ATP?

Question 32 options:

A) 

Steps 3, 4, 6, and 8

B) 

Steps 3, 4, 5, and 7

C) 

Steps 2, 3, 4, and 7

D) 

Steps 1, 4, 7, and 8

Question 33 (2 points)

 Saved

The addition of a phosphate group to ADP, forming ATP, is an example of what type of reaction?

Question 33 options:

A) 

Hydration

B) 

Decarboxylation

C) 

Phosphorylation

D) 

Reduction

E) 

Hydrolysis

Question 34 (2 points)

 Saved

The combination of a monosaccharide like ribose or deoxyribose, a base like purine or pyrimidine, and a phosphate unit is called ________.

Question 34 options:

A) 

a nucleotide

B) 

a nucleoside

C) 

a polyamide

D) 

a polysaccharide

Question 35 (2 points)

 Saved

The electron transport chain is a multistep process that relies on five enzyme systems as well as mobile electron carriers.

Question 35 options:

TrueFalse

Question 36 (2 points)

 Saved

Coenzyme A is a biological oxidizing agent used to convert alcohols to carbonyl-containing compounds.

Question 36 options:

TrueFalse

Question 37 (2 points)

 Saved

How many reactions in the citric acid cycle generate NAD+?

Question 37 options:

A) 

1

B) 

8

C) 

0

D) 

3

Question 38 (2 points)

 Saved

The dipeptide produced from the DNA segment CAGCTA is the same as the dipeptide from the DNA segment CAGCTG.

Question 38 options:

TrueFalse

Question 39 (2 points)

 Saved

________ is synthetic DNA that contains segments from more than one source.

Question 39 options:

Question 40 (2 points)

 Saved

Which is the sum of all of the chemical reactions that take place in an organism?

Question 40 options:

A) 

Citric acid cycle

B) 

Metabolism

C) 

Catabolism

D) 

Anabolism

Question 41 (2 points)

 Saved

The mRNA codon CAU specifies the amino acid histidine (His). The anticodon loop of the tRNA molecule that carries His to the ribosomes contains the sequence ________.

Question 41 options:

Question 42 (2 points)

 Saved

Which sequence has a purine base at the 3' end?

Question 42 options:

A) 

GUGCCU

B) 

CCTTC

C) 

AUCCT

D) 

TCTAG

Question 43 (2 points)

 Saved

The energy produced by the citric acid cycle is stored in the bonds of a nucleoside triphosphate and reduced coenzymes.

Question 43 options:

TrueFalse

Question 44 (2 points)

 Saved

DNA is a double-stranded nucleic acid that exists as a double helix. Which is responsible for holding the double helix of DNA together?

Question 44 options:

A) 

Disulfide bonds between the cysteine residues on each strand

B) 

Phosphodiester bonds between complementary base pairs on each strand

C) 

β-N-glycosidic linkages between the sugar-phosphate backbone of each strand

D) 

Hydrogen bonding between complementary bases on each strand

Question 45 (2 points)

 Saved

A polynucleotide contains ________.

Question 45 options:

A) 

one free phosphate group at the 1' end

B) 

a backbone of alternating sugar and base groups

C) 

one free OH group at the 5' end

D) 

one free phosphate group at the 5' end

Question 46 (2 points)

 Saved

Acetyl CoA contains an acetyl group bonded to coenzyme A by a thioester bond.

Question 46 options:

TrueFalse

Question 47 (2 points)

 Saved

Which mRNA sequence codes for the amino acid sequence Leu–Gly–Asp–Arg?

Question 47 options:

A) 

5' UUA GGA GAU AGA 3'

B) 

5' CUA CAG GAU AGA 3'

C) 

5' CUA GGU GAU AGC 3'

D) 

5' AGA GAU GGA UUA 3'

Question 48 (2 points)

 Saved

Each NADH that enters the electron transport chain will result in the formation of ________ units of ATP.

Question 48 options:

A) 

32

B) 

2.5

C) 

1.5

D) 

10

E) 

7.3

Question 49 (2 points)

 Saved

Anabolism is an energy releasing process that involves the synthesis of large molecules from smaller ones.

Question 49 options:

TrueFalse

Question 50 (2 points)

 Saved

Which amino acid sequence is coded for by the mRNA sequence 5' AAG GCU AGU GGC 3'?

Question 50 options:

A) 

Thr–His–Asn–Asp

B) 

Gly–Ser–Ala–Lys

C) 

Asp–Asn–His–Thr

D) 

Lys–Ala–Ser–Gly

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